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World Energy Issues



Carbon Capture

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The following link by Loren Cobb from the Quaker Economist titled  “The History and Future of World Energy”, provides what I regard as one of the best graphical overviews I have seen on past present and future power generation and where it will come from. It excludes any notion of nuclear fusion but this is understandable given that it is not yet feasible! On page two of the article there is a graphical interface where you can alter the parameters changing some of the assumptions for yourself to get a different picture of the future.

One of the clear observations is that far from reducing our future dependence on fossil fuels over the nest 50 years we will in fact increase our demand. There are also sufficient reserves to continue to do this and there is a good profit for the mining companies to continue to supply this raw material to the power industry. The conclusion of the article by Loren Cobb and another one on this site is that with an increasing population and worldwide technological capability there will be an increased demand for energy over the next 50 years. And much of this will be provided by burning fossil fuels. So far from reducing carbon emissions we as a planet will be increasing them. This is inevitable.

As an alternative suggestion to reducing energy consumption and “green power generation technology” why don’t the policy makers in the world get behind carbon capture technology and pull out CO2 from the flue gasses of the power stations? Apparently 80 to 90% could be removed (wikipedia).; The main reason is probably economic since the cost of power generation would increase.

US and Chinese policy makers could force so much change here, and we are all rather at the mercy of it.

 

 

Why is Electrical Energy Expensive?

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Article by a site contributor called David, thanks, David!

To generate large quantities of electricity usually electrical generators are used and these need to be driven mechanically to turn them.  The drive to turn them can be reasonably direct for example in the form of water and air turbines or indirect via a heat engine with the heat being produced for example by gas, oil, coal or nuclear energy.

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Do Electrical Cars Produce Less CO2?

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car Many consider that electric cars produce no CO2. Well in operation this is true they do not, however when they are charged they take electrical energy from the electrical power grid which has in turn been generated by 80% fossil fuels.  The upshot is that using an electric car will also produce CO2, but according to the calculations below it is about half that of a car powered by internal combustion and in the UK it could cost 3 times less than petrol!  This is great, but the technology infrastructure for electric cars is still some time off, so don’t run off the car showroom yet!

Taking a fairly small and efficient car, petrol (gasoline) or electric, it will require about 0.13 kWh of energy from the power source to drive it 1km at a reasonable speed.
                  

Internal car efficiency Source energy required per km Common fuel source unit of measure Price per km CO2/km
Petrol 20% 0.65 kWh 0.067l/km 6.7 pence/km 0.16 kg/km
  losses mostly in the internal combustion process and in engine idle Accounts for 80% internal losses There are 9.67 kWh of energy in a litre of Petrol (Gasoline) Based on £1 per litre On full combustion 1 litre will produce about 2.4 kg of CO2
Electric 80% 0.16 kWh 0.16 kWh (grid) 1.9 pence/km 0.07 kg/km
  Losses mostly in the charge and discharge cycles of the battery some quote 83% Accounts for 20% internal losses Grid electrical energy Based on an average grid price of 12 pence per kWh The UK national grid emits 0.54 kg of CO2 per kWh supplied

The electric car at worst should produce half as much CO2 as the petrol car.   And with increases in renewable energy the use of nuclear for grid supply this will reduce further.   Interestingly the price per km indicates considerable scope to increase the cost of grid supply electricity for cars, which could in theory pay for the increased cost of renewable energy supply.

The paper in the link is very goog and seems to me to be accurate, misses out the replacement costs of batteries however.

www.stanford.edu/group/greendorm/participate/cee124/TeslaReading.pdf

 

Oil From Crops

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Apparently it should be possible in the best case to produce 20,000 barrels of oil from crops per year on a square kilometer of land.  Taking an extremely unlikely scenario to illustarte what this means, the numbers in the table show what would be required of the land in 2010 and in 2035 assuming that all oil is produced from the land.   Many of the numbers used have come from the CIA website, an excellent source of data, an example of which is shown below.  The key number is the use of oil each day, the number is 80,000,000 bbl per day (barrels per day) today and this is likely to double by 2035.

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This is the best world enery graphic and simulation tool we have come across so we have put it on the home page! Wish we had done it.

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